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First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. Rockefeller worked in association with chemist and inventor Samuel Andrews. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. (2022). In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. Henry is originated from United States. Rather than try to influence the price of crude oil directly, Standard Oil had been exercising indirect control by altering oil storage charges to suit market conditions. A Second Wife and a Second Career. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church, 32 Sevilla Street. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. [27] In spite of the formation of the trust and its perceived immunity from all competition, by the 1880s Standard Oil had passed its peak of power over the world oil market. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. St. Augustine, Florida He was connected with government officials and industry elites. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. [20] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. Graham, Thomas. Though Flagler and Rockefeller had long maintained a policy of active silence with the press, they decided to make themselves more accessible and responded with conciliatory comments such as "capital and labor are both wild forces which require intelligent legislation to hold them in restriction. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. If Smith could raise $50,000, Flagler would invest $150,000 and they would build a hotel together. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. Biography. He was born in New York. [18][19] Standard countered and held back its shipments and, with the help of other railroads, started a price war that dramatically reduced freight payments and caused labor unrest as well. After the death of Flagler's eldest daughter he made it his goal to create the magnificent sanctuary. Augustine. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. Flagler was eighteen years older than his 35-year-old bride. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). He was born on January 2, 1830 and his birthplace is Hopewell, NY. The Washington Post. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. Over 30 years, Flagler had invested about $50 million in railroad, home and hotel construction and had made donations to suffering farmers after the freeze in 1894. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. PROLOGUE: In 1844, Henry Flagler dropped out of school. [13] Eventually, even former antagonists Pratt and Rogers saw the futility of continuing to compete against Standard Oil: in 1874, they made a secret agreement with their old nemesis to be acquired. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. Last (and perhaps most importantly), the truth is a hard thing to garner when it comes to what happened in the past even harder than it is today. [citation needed], By 1905, Flagler decided that his Florida East Coast Railway should be extended from Biscayne Bay to Key West, a point 128 miles (206km) past the end of the Florida peninsula. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". Cutthroat Cruel business man. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. He had caught the smell of opportunity in Florida and would eventually follow it all the way south to Key West. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. "How Slave Labor Built the State of Florida Decades After the Civil War." [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. "[24] To the critics Flagler and Rockefeller replied, "In a business so large as ours some things are likely to be done which we cannot approve. [23] The firm was attacked by journalists and politicians throughout its existence, in part for these monopolistic methods, giving momentum to the antitrust movement. One of the grain brokers Indeed, Mary Harkness Flagler's ailments first brought Henry Flagler to Far Florida. The judge instructed the jury to find them not guilty because the "prosecution had failed to prove 'an agreement of minds with evil intent to conspire'. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. He himself is located to the side of them. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. By 1852, Henry had saved enough money to become the one-third-owner of the Harkness & Company alongside his half-brother Dan and Dan's uncle Lamon. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. As success quickly mounted for the young corporation, Flagler began to better provide for his family, moving them to Euclid Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio. Flagler is quoted to have responded thusly: "There was once a good church member who had always lived a correct life until well advanced in years. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. 1. While in this state he met his good pastor, to whom, being soundly upbraided for his condition, he replied, 'I've been giving all my days to the Lord hitherto, and now I'm taking one for myself. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. [21], Standard Oil gradually gained almost complete control of oil refining and marketing in the United States through horizontal integration. She endured three more frigid northern winters until in 1881, when at the age of forty-eight, Mary Harkness Flagler died. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. At least, not yet. So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. VisitStAugustine.com. Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. Last Train to Paradise. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. Flagler's stepbrother Stephen V. Harkness invested $100,000 (equivalent to $1.94million in 2021[6]) on the condition that Flagler be made a partner. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. At the time, Key West was Florida's most populous city, with a population of 20,000, and it was also the United States' deep water port closest to the canal that the U.S. government proposed to build in Panama. In less than four months in 1872, in what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre", Standard Oil had absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. The baby, named Margery, died when she was only a few hours old. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. She was the mother of his three children. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. He recruited Henry Flagler to join him, and the youth went to Ohio at age 14, where he started work in 1844 at a salary of US$5 per month plus room and board. Castleden, Louise Decatur. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. Because he had a hard personal life and was a cutthroat business man. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. She left the millions she inherited to members of her family and to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. The Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler partnership was formed with Flagler in control of Harkness' interest. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. 0:58. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." Timeline Sources cited Graham, T. (2014) Mr. Flagler's St. Augustine (A Florida Quincentennial Book). Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. During the Gilded Age, this new class of robber barons like Flagler, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt were shaking up American society. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. Flagler. His attention was consumed by the business of his hotel chains and expanding railroad empire. University Press of Florida. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. 2. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. Knetsch concludes that "Flagler in fact provided health care for his employees and was a far better employer than the press alleged. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. Graham, Thomas. St. Augustine, FL: Flagler College, 2013. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York on January 2nd, 1830 to Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. VisitStAugustine.com. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco, now part of ConocoPhillips; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco, now part of BP; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Esso (and later, Exxon), now part of ExxonMobil; Standard of New York, which became Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio, now part of BP. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Flager and his lawyers defeated all legal challenges and neither the company or its employees were ever convicted in court. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. Harry, her son, was eleven years old. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. Mrs. Chandler, David Leon. Mary was born in Ohio in 1833. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. The land owners were Julia Tuttle, whom he had met in Cleveland, Ohio, and William Brickell, who ran a trading post on the Miami River. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. Due to the harsh working and living conditions in the railway construction camps, many workers became victims of debt slavery. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. His half-brother Daniel had left Hopewell to live and work with his paternal uncle Lamon G. Harkness, who had a store in Republic, Ohio. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. July, 1975. pg. [60][61] At 3 p.m. on the day of the funeral, May 23, 1913, every engine on the Florida East Coast Railway stopped wherever it was for ten minutes as a tribute to Flagler. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. One stormy night, Alice is said to have nearly caused a shipwreck by not allowing the captain to return to port for several hours, despite experiencing gale-force winds and seasick friends. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. Second Marriage, Second Sojourn to St. Augustine After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. Their only son was born in 1870. Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. Day 2 - Flagler Legacy Tour - Flagler's Churches - St. Augustine Distillery - Dinner at Ice Plant Bar This morning after breakfast, meet your local guide for a Flagler Legacy Tour. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in 1830 into humble circumstances, his father a Presbyterian minister. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press & Crown Publishers, 2002. You see, during the Gilded Age [and for far too long after it], women could be sent to a mental institution for just about anything. However, this building's history is tragic and short. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. "Our Own Riviera," Harper's New Monthly Magazine. In the kerosene industry, Standard Oil replaced the old distribution system with its own vertical system. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. Flagler commissioned the architects and builders of his other St. Augustine buildings to create the Venetian Renaissance Revival style . The church was dedicated in March 1890. Captain of the submarine USS Watertown (SSN-696) who reluctantly helps Harm and Mac with investigations involving a boat he commanded. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. As you can tell, Flagler spared no expense in constructing the Ponce de Leon Hotel, sometimes called 'The Prince of Hotels' by newspapers of the time. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was an American philanthropist and heiress who became notorious when she married one of the richest men of the Gilded Age. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." Even when a draft was issued in 1862, requiring American men 18 to 45 to join the service, Henry Flagler did not join the military. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. . Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. Not much more is known about Henry Flagler's early life. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. As fate would have it, Henry had been invited to work at a general store by a family . The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. Flagler divorced Shourds in 1901 and just 10 days later married Mary Lily Kenan. [citation needed], Flagler's third wife, Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was born in North Carolina. Henry Morrison Flagler Museum: Very Disappointing - See 1,507 traveler reviews, 1,197 candid photos, and great deals for Palm Beach, FL, at Tripadvisor. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! Ralph, Julian. [34] Although her work prompted a huge backlash against the company, Tarbell claims to have been surprised at its magnitude. However, the boom did not last. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. [citation needed]. However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. He even owned newspapers in Florida. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. By the end of this field trip, we hope will you have an understanding of who Henry Flagler was, and the great impact he had on the state of Florida! [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. She was the daughter of Lamon G. Harkness and Julia Follet. Municipal, State, and Federal government officials questioned how many limits they should place on these "Captains of Industry." Racked with bronchitis and unable to do much for herself, Mary joined Henry in the Buckingham Hotel. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. I wish I had the brains to think of it. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. Henry Flagler was John D. Rockefeller's most significant business partner at Standard Oil. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. He is known as the father of St. Augustine, Mia Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. . Flagler and Rockefeller eventually prevailed and the railroad sold all its oil interests to Standard. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . Dazzled by the prospect of tremendous wealth and supported by his father-in-law, Flagler followed the smell of money to Michigan. Flagler returned to Bellevue having lost his initial $50,000 investment and an additional $50,000 he had borrowed from his father-in-law and Daniel. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. After a few short weeks, the family all moved back to New York, much to the detriment of Mary Harkness Flagler's health, which got progressively worse in the coming years. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. It was that shrewd attitude that caught the eye of one John D. Rockefeller. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. [17]This subsidiary, the Empire Transportation Company, which Joseph D. Potts created in 1865 and also ran, owned other assets including a small fleet of ships on the Great Lakes. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. Carrie died at the age of 3. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. "For the longest time, I could not imagine why Jean would save Whitehall," said Mr. Ponce. Flagler's affiliation with the Harkness family would have a fortuitous effect upon his future. Commander John Flagler, USN. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. [41] Standard Oil's combined assets equalled approximately $42,882,650 (equivalent to $1.29billion in 2021[6]) in Indiana, Kentucky, New Jersey, New York and Ohio. She documented the company's espionage, price wars, heavy-handed marketing tactics, and courtroom evasions. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. May 17, 2018. Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner in Standard Oil. Estate All the things he owned. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. For the train, see, Alleged use of convict leasing and debt peonage, Martin, p. 56, quoting Edwin Lefevre, in "Flagler and Florida" from, Joe Knetsch, "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Madoff scandal stuns Palm Beach Jewish community", "292: Colonel Joseph D. Potts Leader in the Pennsylvania on LiveAuctioneers", "The Story of Convict Leasing in Florida", "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes: Online Sunshine", "Slavery Revisited: Peonage in the South", "How slave labor built the state of Florida decades after the Civil War", "Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol II", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Flagler&oldid=1125174074, Jennie Louise (March 18, 1855 March 25, 1889), Knetsch, Joe. Sets with similar terms swee1122 So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. A railroad and oil magnate who laid claim to Florida's east coast. University Press of Florida. (However, when Harry Flagler was asked about this later, he denied that Ida Alice had ever been his mother's nurse.). Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. Hello students! Resources In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. She married Melbert Cary in 1923, and they lived in New York City and Millbrook, NY. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. Sibling ), was a Presbyterian minister, in 1852, they both! Press & Crown Publishers, 2002 frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness (.... 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